Efficient Storage Management over Cloud Using Data Compression without Losing Searching Capacity

Nowadays due to social media, people may communicate with each other, share their thoughts and moments of life in form of texts, images or videos.  We are uploading our private data in terms of photos, videos, and documents on internet websites like Facebook, Whatsapp, Google+ and Youtube etc. In short today world is surrounded with large volume of data in different form. This put a requirement for effective management of these billions of terabytes of electronic data generally called BIG DATA. Handling large data sets is a major challenge for data centers. The only solution for this problem is to add as many hard disk as required. But if the data is kept in unformatted the requirement of hard disk will be very high. Cloud technology in today is becoming popular but efficient storage management for large volume of data on cloud still there is a big question. Many frameworks are available to address this problem. Hadoop is one of them. Hadoop provides an efficient way to store and retrieve large volume of data. But Hadoop is efficient only if the file containing data is large enough. Basically Hadoop uses a big hard disk block to store data. And this makes it inefficient in the area where volume to data is large but individual file is small. To satisfy both challenges to store large volume of data in less space. And to store small unit of file without wasting the space. We require to store data not is usual form but in compressed form so that we can keep the block size small. But if we do so it added one more dimension of problem. Searching the content in a compressed file is very in-efficient. Therefore we require an efficient algorithm which compress the file without disturbing the search capacity of the data center. Here we will provide the way how we can solve these challenges. Keywords:Cloud, Big DATA, Hadoop, Data Compression, MapReduc

An air-to-liquid MEMS particle sampler

In order to have a working bio-particle analysis system, a method of capturing the particles from the air into the liquid is required. Here, we report a complete MEMS system that includes an air-to-liquid MEMS interface (made of glass and PDMS) for airborne bioparticle (<10 /spl mu/m) analysis, and demonstrate its successful integration with our DEP (dielectrophoretic) particle transportation and active filter membrane technology. Two types of air-to-liquid interfaces were investigated. The first, consisted of a stationary meniscus with moving particles; and second, stationary particles with an oscillating liquid meniscus. Due to large interfacial forces required in penetrating the liquid meniscus, the first design performed inadequately. However, these roadblocks were eliminated in the second technique and demonstrated as a working system

Microfabricated Silicon Mixers for Submillisecond Quench-Flow Analysis

Elucidation of fast chemical reactions such as protein folding requires resolution on a submillisecond time scale. However, most quench-flow and stop-flow techniques only allow chemical processes to be studied after a few milliseconds have elapsed. In order to shorten the minimum observation time for quench-flow experiments, we designed a miniaturized mixer assembly. Two “T” mixers connected by a channel are etched into a 1 cm × 1 cm silicon chip which is interfaced with a commercially available quench-flow instrument. Decreasing the volume of the mixing chambers and the distance between them results in an instrument with greatly reduced dead times. As a test of submillisecond measurements, we studied the basic hydrolysis of phenyl chloroacetate. This reaction proceeds with a second-order rate constant, k = 430 M^(-1) s^(-1), and shows pseudo-first-order kinetics at high hydroxide concentrations. The chemical reaction data demonstrate that the silicon device is capable of initiating and quenching chemical reactions in time intervals as short as 110 μs. The performance of these mixers was further confirmed by visualization using acid-base indicators

Polymer-based electrospray chips for mass spectrometry

In this paper, we present our development of a MEMS chip with an overhanging polymer microcapillary 2.5 mm in length and with a 5 µm x 10 µm orifice size at the tip. The fabricated chips have been successfully interfaced with a mass spectrometer (MS) to validate electrospray ionization (ESI) for biochemical analysis. The prediction of a reduction in Taylor cone size has also been observed with real time ESI fluid visualization from our chip. Built-in micro particle filters and centimeter long serpentine microchannels were fabricated on the chip with a low temperature process by using the Parylene polymer as a structural material, aluminum and photoresist as sacrificial layers, and bromine trifluoride (BrF_3) gas phase etching for final microcapillary releasing. The use of an overhanging polymer structure adds a new a level of mechanical robustness that was never achievable with other thin films. Functionality of our device was proven by consistent detection of myoglobin in a 200 nM solution at a flow rate of 35 nL/min and a voltage potential of 1.5 kV. This MS interface chip represents vital and significant improvements in MEMS process technology and MS functionality with respect to the silicon nitride (Si_xN_y) ESI nozzles previously reported

Silicon micromachined electromagnetic microactuators for rigid disk drives

It is projected that by the year 2001, the disk drive industry will be shipping products with track density on the order of 25,000 tracks-per-inch, which would require a servo bandwidth of at least 3 kHz. This paper presents initial fabrication results of an industry and government supported research project at Caltech and UCLA to develop piggyback electromagnetically driven microactuators for such applications, which are fabricated using the state-of-the-art silicon micromachining techniques

An air-to-liquid MEMS particle sampler

In order to have a working bio-particle analysis system, a method of capturing the particles from the air into the liquid is required. Here, we report a complete MEMS system that includes an air-to-liquid MEMS interface (made of glass and PDMS) for airborne bioparticle (<10 /spl mu/m) analysis, and demonstrate its successful integration with our DEP (dielectrophoretic) particle transportation and active filter membrane technology. Two types of air-to-liquid interfaces were investigated. The first, consisted of a stationary meniscus with moving particles; and second, stationary particles with an oscillating liquid meniscus. Due to large interfacial forces required in penetrating the liquid meniscus, the first design performed inadequately. However, these roadblocks were eliminated in the second technique and demonstrated as a working system

Polymer-based electrospray chips for mass spectrometry

In this paper, we present our development of a MEMS chip with an overhanging polymer microcapillary 2.5 mm in length and with a 5 µm x 10 µm orifice size at the tip. The fabricated chips have been successfully interfaced with a mass spectrometer (MS) to validate electrospray ionization (ESI) for biochemical analysis. The prediction of a reduction in Taylor cone size has also been observed with real time ESI fluid visualization from our chip. Built-in micro particle filters and centimeter long serpentine microchannels were fabricated on the chip with a low temperature process by using the Parylene polymer as a structural material, aluminum and photoresist as sacrificial layers, and bromine trifluoride (BrF_3) gas phase etching for final microcapillary releasing. The use of an overhanging polymer structure adds a new a level of mechanical robustness that was never achievable with other thin films. Functionality of our device was proven by consistent detection of myoglobin in a 200 nM solution at a flow rate of 35 nL/min and a voltage potential of 1.5 kV. This MS interface chip represents vital and significant improvements in MEMS process technology and MS functionality with respect to the silicon nitride (Si_xN_y) ESI nozzles previously reported

Silicon micromachined electromagnetic microactuators for rigid disk drives

It is projected that by the year 2001, the disk drive industry will be shipping products with track density on the order of 25,000 tracks-per-inch, which would require a servo bandwidth of at least 3 kHz. This paper presents initial fabrication results of an industry and government supported research project at Caltech and UCLA to develop piggyback electromagnetically driven microactuators for such applications, which are fabricated using the state-of-the-art silicon micromachining techniques